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翻譯技巧——虛擬語氣祥解（三）
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2019/4/11 9:10:07

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翻譯技巧——虛擬語氣祥解（三）

或者說，suggest, insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅持認為時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。

　　10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.　

　　判斷改錯:

　　(錯)11.　You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

　　(對)12.　Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　　(錯)13.　I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

　　(對)14.　I insisted that you were wrong.

　　例題分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.

　　A. were not played 　　B. not be played

　　C. not to play 　　　　D. did not play

　　全句意思是：“旅館管理部門懇請客人晚上11點后不要打開收音機”。句中的謂語動詞request（請求）所引出的從句應(yīng)當用虛擬語氣，即動詞原形或“should＋動詞原形”。本句的主語從句中，主語radio是謂語動詞play 的客體，謂語應(yīng)當用被動語態(tài)。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述這類句子中不能用動詞過去時形式表示虛擬語氣，所以A)不正確。選項B) not to play是動詞帶to的不定式，不能在句中作謂語。選項D)did not play也是動詞play的過去時形式，同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語氣來使用。而且，它是主動語態(tài)形式，而本題要用被動語態(tài)。

　　練習：

　　16). The chairman requested that .

　?。跘］the members studied more carefully the problem

　?。跙］the problem was more carefulnessly studied

　?。跜］with more carefulness the problem could be studied

　?。跠］the members study the problem more carefully

　　17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

　　［A］would be discussed

　?。跙］will be discussed

　?。跜］be discussed

　?。跠］may be discussed

　　18). The doctor insisted that his patient .

　?。跘］that he not work too hard for three months

　?。跙］take it easy for three months

　?。跜］taking it easy inside of three months

　?。跠］to take some vacations for three months

　　三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

　　在expect, believe, think, suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中，我們經(jīng)常用“should＋動詞原形(或完成形式)”，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等。

　　I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

　　我們從來沒想到他是個如此勇敢的小戰(zhàn)士。

　　練習：

　　1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?

　?。跘］It is believed

　　［B］Should they believe

　?。跜］They would believe

　?。跠］If they would believe

　　2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

　　［A］will leave

　?。跙］may leave

　　［C］leave

　?。跠］leaves

　　四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

　　would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來表達主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示”寧愿做什么”或"對過去做的事的懊悔"。

　　(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

　　(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

　　(3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.

　　(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.

　　(5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.

　　(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。

　　(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說，我希望你不要卷入這件事。

　　(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒有必要這么著急，我寧愿你先去上班。

　　(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時先不要就此事發(fā)表意見。

　　(10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對此事什么也不要做。

　　(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點上床呢？

　　(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。

　　注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原形

　　I would rather stay at home today.

　?、趙ould rather...than...中用動詞原形

　　I would rather stay at home than go out today.

　　五、“had hoped”后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

　　用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動詞原形”。

　　I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美國去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中國。

　　第二節(jié)：主語從句中的虛擬語氣

　　一、“It is (was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣

　　在形如“It is (was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用某些表示愿望、建議、請求、命令、可能、適當、較好、迫切、緊近、重要等形容詞后的主語從句的謂語也用虛擬語氣。其表達形式為should ＋動詞原形或省略should直接用動詞原形（美國英語中省去should）

　　常用的形容詞：* natural (自然的), appropriate (適當?shù)?,advisable (合適的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必須的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本質(zhì)的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (極好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必須的），crucial（緊急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（驚人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（緊迫的）。

　　常用的過去分詞(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被請求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建議), recommended (推薦)* orderd (命令)

　　1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

　　2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好準備)

　　3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽煙)

　　4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是學生都能了解校規(guī))

　　5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顧好病人)

　　6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容詞natural, should+動詞原形do)

　　7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請表應(yīng)盡早地寄回，這是很重要的。

　　8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢，為這個項目提供資金。

　　9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準備就緒。

　　注：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中，謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣。

　　10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗，指派他做這項工作我認為是不恰當?shù)摹?

　　二、在It is ＋名詞＋that…的主語從句中的虛擬語氣

　　在It is ＋名詞＋that的主語從句中，常用虛擬語氣，表示建議、命令、請求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等。這類名詞

　　有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，

　　requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

　?、拧t is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建議派他去國外進一步學習。

　　第三節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在表語從句或同位語從句中

　　當某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為should ＋動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：

　　demand (要求), desire (請求),requirment (要求)

　　advice (勸告), recommendation (建議),suggestion (建議)

　　order (命令)

　　necessity (必要地), preference (優(yōu)先)

　　proposal (計劃), plan (計劃), idea (辦法)，

　　recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

　　We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。

　　The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by

　　everyone.由市長頒發(fā)獎金的建議被每個人接受。

　?、拧?The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

　　(名詞advice，should + leave) (表示加以勸告)

　?、?、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

　　conference.

　　(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

　　⑶、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出計劃)