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翻譯技巧——虛擬語(yǔ)氣祥解（三）
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翻譯技巧——虛擬語(yǔ)氣祥解（三）

或者說(shuō)，suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

　　10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.　

　　判斷改錯(cuò):

　　(錯(cuò))11.　You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

　　(對(duì))12.　Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　　(錯(cuò))13.　I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

　　(對(duì))14.　I insisted that you were wrong.

　　例題分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.

　　A. were not played 　　B. not be played

　　C. not to play 　　　　D. did not play

　　全句意思是：“旅館管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)后不要打開收音機(jī)”。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞request（請(qǐng)求）所引出的從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即動(dòng)詞原形或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。本句的主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)radio是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞play 的客體，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述這類句子中不能用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)形式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以A)不正確。選項(xiàng)B) not to play是動(dòng)詞帶to的不定式，不能在句中作謂語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)D)did not play也是動(dòng)詞play的過(guò)去時(shí)形式，同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)使用。而且，它是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，而本題要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　16). The chairman requested that .

　?。跘］the members studied more carefully the problem

　　［B］the problem was more carefulnessly studied

　?。跜］with more carefulness the problem could be studied

　?。跠］the members study the problem more carefully

　　17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

　?。跘］would be discussed

　?。跙］will be discussed

　?。跜］be discussed

　　［D］may be discussed

　　18). The doctor insisted that his patient .

　?。跘］that he not work too hard for three months

　　［B］take it easy for three months

　?。跜］taking it easy inside of three months

　?。跠］to take some vacations for three months

　　三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，我們經(jīng)常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形(或完成形式)”，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等。

　　I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

　　我們從來(lái)沒(méi)想到他是個(gè)如此勇敢的小戰(zhàn)士。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?

　?。跘］It is believed

　　［B］Should they believe

　?。跜］They would believe

　?。跠］If they would believe

　　2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

　?。跘］will leave

　?。跙］may leave

　?。跜］leave

　　［D］leaves

　　四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示”寧愿做什么”或"對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔"。

　　(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

　　(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

　　(3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.

　　(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.

　　(5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.

　　(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。

　　(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說(shuō)，我希望你不要卷入這件事。

　　(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒(méi)有必要這么著急，我寧愿你先去上班。

　　(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。

　　(10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說(shuō)，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不要做。

　　(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢？

　　(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。

　　注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形

　　I would rather stay at home today.

　?、趙ould rather...than...中用動(dòng)詞原形

　　I would rather stay at home than go out today.

　　五、“had hoped”后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　用“had hoped”表示原來(lái)希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。

　　I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美國(guó)去念書，但她說(shuō)她喜歡留在中國(guó)。

　　第二節(jié)：主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　一、“It is (was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在形如“It is (was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用某些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、可能、適當(dāng)、較好、迫切、緊近、重要等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為should ＋動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中省去should）

　　常用的形容詞：* natural (自然的), appropriate (適當(dāng)?shù)?,advisable (合適的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必須的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本質(zhì)的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (極好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必須的），crucial（緊急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（驚人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（緊迫的）。

　　常用的過(guò)去分詞(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被請(qǐng)求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建議), recommended (推薦)* orderd (命令)

　　1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

　　2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備)

　　3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽煙)

　　4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī))

　　5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顧好病人)

　　6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容詞natural, should+動(dòng)詞原形do)

　　7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回，這是很重要的。

　　8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。

　　9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。

　　注：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?

　　二、在It is ＋名詞＋that…的主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在It is ＋名詞＋that的主語(yǔ)從句中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等。這類名詞

　　有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，

　　requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

　?、拧t is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建議派他去國(guó)外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。

　　第三節(jié)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中

　　當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其表達(dá)形式為should ＋動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見(jiàn)的有：

　　demand (要求), desire (請(qǐng)求),requirment (要求)

　　advice (勸告), recommendation (建議),suggestion (建議)

　　order (命令)

　　necessity (必要地), preference (優(yōu)先)

　　proposal (計(jì)劃), plan (計(jì)劃), idea (辦法)，

　　recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

　　We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。

　　The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by

　　everyone.由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的建議被每個(gè)人接受。

　?、拧?The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

　　(名詞advice，should + leave) (表示加以勸告)

　　⑵、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

　　conference.

　　(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

　?、?、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出計(jì)劃)

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