英語句子的常用翻譯方法及練習題 | |
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eging 發(fā)表于 2019/4/9 10:00:49
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英語句子的常用翻譯方法及練習題 I. Amplification(增補法)
所謂增補法,就是翻譯時在譯文中增加一些詞語以符合譯文語言的表達方式。增補的前提是不損害原文的意思,其效果是譯文更加準確、通順。增補法根據(jù)不同的情況大致分為四類:結構性增補、語義性增補、修辭性增補和外化性增補。其中結構性增補使用較多,下面三個例題均采用這種方法。 1. He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes. 他連續(xù)播音四個小時,沒有出現(xiàn)任何差錯。(增補謂語動詞“出現(xiàn)”) 2. The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone. 這些大的遺址,過去曾是進行重要的政治、經(jīng)濟和宗教活動的場所,現(xiàn)在幾乎當然無存了。(增補狀語“過去…現(xiàn)在…”) 3. Some people say there is disappointment in their own cherished beliefs about people and a city they once loved. 有人說,過去人們是可以信賴的,自己喜愛的城市是可以信賴的,現(xiàn)在這種信念已經(jīng)破滅了。(同上) II. Omission(減省法) 與增補法相反,減省法是對原文中某些詞語略而不譯。這是出于譯語行文習慣的需要而采用的一種翻譯技巧。我們知道,英漢兩種語言在表達方式上存在著很多差異,為使行文通順暢達,有時不得不略去一些詞匯。減省法主要有兩類:句法性減省和修辭性減省。例題1為句法性減省,例題2和3采用修辭性減省。 1. Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used. 我們來想一個可以使用這個習語的場合。(省略關系副詞) 2. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 報考大學的人,有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。 3. She stood there calm and quiet, waiting for their decision. 她鎮(zhèn)靜地坐在那里,等候他們的決定。(省略重復的詞) III. Division(拆分法) 拆分法主要用于長句的翻譯。英語多用長句,而漢語多用短句,所以拆分法應用最為廣泛。英語中有很多長句是由眾多的從句、分句或短語組合而成的。這類句子是翻譯中的難點,所以,要特別注意理順原文的頭緒,然后再按照漢語的行文習慣重新安排句子的順序。這就需要掌握一些拆句技巧,即把一個長句譯成幾個句子。下面是幾種常見的拆分法。 A. 拆分還有定語從句的復合句 1. Doctor Strong regard him with puzzled and doubting look, which almost immediately subsided into a smile that gave me great encouragement. 斯特朗博士望著他,面露疑惑的神態(tài),但這種神態(tài)差不多馬上就化為笑容,這給了我很大的鼓舞。 2. My working place was established in a corner of the warehouse, where Mr.Quinion could see me, when he chose to stand up on the bottom rail of his stool in the counting-house, and look at me through a window above the desk. 我做工的地方就在店鋪的一個角落里,昆尼恩先生能望得到的地方。他只要站在帳房凳子的最低的那根橫木上,要看就可以從書桌上面的窗子里看見我了。 B. 拆分還有其他從句的復合長句 3. My opinion of you is that no man knows better than you when to speak and when others to speak for you; when to make scenes and threaten resignation; and when to be as cool as a cucumber. 沒有人比你更懂得什么時候改開口,什么時候該由別人替你開口,什么時候該鬧起來,以辭職相威脅;什么時候又該保持冷靜。這就是我對你的看法。(由that引導的從句在全句中作表語,從意義上看,該表語是全句的重心,翻譯時,將其提出來先譯,可達到強調的效果,與原文語義相符) 4. A report of the proposed compromise plan come from a reliable source only a few hours after the president's social envoy, Mr.X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsman "A solution is in sight". 關于折中方案的消息是從一位可靠人士傳出來的。在此之前不過幾小時,總統(tǒng)的特使某先生在與埃及外長進行第五次密談后,他對記者說“解決方案現(xiàn)已在望”。(此句中的時間狀語從句又長又復雜,只好單獨成句,否則不好理解。此句的重心在主句,應先翻譯,同時還要注意從句所述情況是先發(fā)生的,時間順序不能搞錯。) C. 拆分還有各類短語的長句 5. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. 將你所讀的重要詞語和句子的感受寫下來,將它們在你腦子里引起的問題記下來。這樣就可以將這些感受長久的保存下來,并可以使那些問題更加明確起來。(原句中動詞不定式短語作主語,這一部分在漢譯時單獨成句,并用“這樣”二字引出第二個分句,避免了主語過長。) 6. His chief contribution was making me realize how much more than knowledge I had been getting from him. 他讓我領悟到,過去我跟他學的不僅是知識,還有很多別的東西,這是他最大的貢獻。 IV. Combination(合并法) 合并法使用的比較少,主要是因為英語長句多,短句少。但我們偶爾也會遇見到英語中一些較短的句子,在漢譯時并非一定要譯成一個個的短句,把他們合并起來翻譯,省掉一些重復的詞語或句子成分,使譯文的邏輯關系更緊湊,語義更明確,語言的表現(xiàn)力更強。 1. He was frightened into shaking and trembling. 他嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。 2. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All savings had been stolen. 這個年輕人很慘,積攢的錢被人偷的一干二凈,已落到了身無分文的地步。(原文中有三個短句,翻譯時,先將后兩句換序再與前一句結合,比較符合漢語的敘事習慣。 3. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. 我感到有人走近,便伸出了手,以為是把手伸向母親。 These are the four main ways to translate English sentences. In fact the way of "Division" is used often because English sentences are mostly long ones and Chinese sentences are mostly short ones. I will give answer and examination after two people have finished all these sentences translation. Try on and you will succeed! -by Joyang. 呵呵,后面的這段是我作的補充說明,不是翻譯題目哦!原本打算等有兩個翻譯完后再將答案整理貼上的,可能題量大,有點難度,一直沒有人將自己的翻譯情況貼上。這個帖子時間不短了,為了方便更多的網(wǎng)友學習,我將題目及答案解說整理了,重新貼上,希望對大家有幫助。 |
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