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翻譯技巧:英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯技巧
發(fā)起人:eging  回復(fù)數(shù):0  瀏覽數(shù):4635  最后更新:2019/2/21 8:25:54 by eging

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2019/2/21 8:25:54
eging





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翻譯技巧:英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯技巧
        英語中的比較句式建構(gòu)龐大,復(fù)雜多變,往往差之毫厘,謬以千里。它包括比較級,強化式比較,否定式比較,選擇式比較,遞增或遞減式比較。
  一、比較級(comparative degree)
  在比較級中,有超越、相等、差遜三個級別。



  1. 超越 (superiority)
  (1)better than: 勝過,優(yōu)于



  Doing is better than saying.(百說不如一做。)



  (2)more than + 從句。多余,超過


  She has talked more than what is necessary.(她說了一些多余的話)


 ?。?)“than +關(guān)系代詞”的從句。 再 …… 不過。


  He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest.

  (他是個再誠實不過的學(xué)者了。)
  (4)superior to :占優(yōu)勢,比……勝一籌。


  He is superior to his elder brother.(他比他哥哥強)


  2. 相等 (equality)


  (1) as … as. 如……一樣。

  As busy as a bee. ( 忙得不可開交)


  (2) as well as 。 既 …… 又, 和……一樣。
  Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man.
  (像愷撒一樣,龐培也是一位偉人。)


  (3) the same as…. 像……一樣。
  The same as the past. (一如從前。)
  (4) such/ so…as. 像……一樣。
  Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history .
  (像荷馬那樣的詩人,不僅要精通文學(xué),還要精通歷史。)



  (5) no sooner than.. 一……就(幾乎同時,夸張用法)。


  No sooner said than done.(說到做到。)

  (6) No more than. 就像,不優(yōu)于。
  You’re no more capable of speaking French than I am.
  (你我都不會說日語。)


  (7) No less than. 就像,不次于。

  Technology is no less important than market.
  (技術(shù)和市場同樣重要。)


  (8) 否定代詞+more than (else than, other than) 。 than是介詞,只不過……而已。


  This is no other than myself.


 ?。ㄟ@人就是我。)

  3.差遜 (inferiority)

  (1) inferior to. 比……差,遜于……
  She in to some degree inferior to him in literary.



 ?。ㄋ人谖膶W(xué)上稍遜風(fēng)騷。)


  (2) less than.. 少于,不到

  It rains less in Jinan than in Hangzhou.


  (濟南的降雨比杭州少。)


  (3)“差遜”中的形容詞或副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換成反義詞,再按“超越”的路子來翻譯,這在翻譯中叫做“詞義的轉(zhuǎn)換”。(conversion of acceptation)


  The sky started to grow lighter and the shadow in the little town less dark..
 ?。ㄌ焐珴u漸發(fā)白,小鎮(zhèn)里的陰影處也慢慢亮了起來。)
  二、遞增或遞減( comparison of progressive and retrogressive degree)



  1.最……最……。最高級……最高級。


  He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.

  (犯錯最少的將軍就是最好的將軍。)

  The cheapest is always the dearest.


  (最便宜的東西往往是最貴的)


  The sweetest grapes hang highest.

  (最甜的葡萄長在最高的地方。)


  2.From+原級+to+比較級。越……越……。
  From bad to worse.(越來越糟)


  3. as well as. 不僅……, 也……。(強調(diào)在前)

  She can speak Japanese as well as English.

 ?。ㄋ粌H能說英語,還能說日語)

  4. all the more……。 反而更……。

  She has all the more reason..

  (她反而更有理。)

  5. ever +現(xiàn)在分詞。

  He is ever perfecting in his professional work..
  (他在業(yè)務(wù)上精益求精。)
  6.More and more , ever more……, growing……,increasingly, on the increase. 越來越…… , 與日俱增。。
  He becomes more and more irritated by her selfish behavior.





  (他對她的自私的行為越來越惱火)
  He seems ever more nervous during the job interview.
 ?。ㄋ谡衅该嬖囍兴坪踉絹碓骄o張。)
  He expressed his growing indifference to her.
 ?。ㄋ麑λ絹碓嚼涞#?



  Increasingly important, popular(越來越重要、普及)
  7. more than .不僅……;而且有余。



  The reservoir can more than make up for the shortage of rainfall.
 ?。ㄋ畮炖锏乃粌H可補雨水之缺,還綽綽有余。)
  8.more……, less……. 越……反而更……



  More haste, less speed. (欲速不達(dá)。)
  9. None the more: not at all. 毫無,毫不。
  After hearing her lecture on computers I’m none the wiser.
 ?。犃怂P(guān)于計算機的講座,我毫無收獲。)


  11. no less than . 不但……, 而且……。
  He is no less apt at dance than language .
 ?。ㄋ粌H善于學(xué)習(xí)語言,而且善于舞蹈)



  12. only +謂語+比較級. only the +比較級。譯作:反而更加……。
  Rains only make the oriental cherries more beautiful than ever.


 ?。ㄓ旰髾鸦ǜ鼖趁?。)


  His will is only the stronger after the failure.
  (他愈挫愈奮。)



  13. The more……,the more……. The sooner, the better. The more, the better.
  The more one has,the more one wants.(越富越貪。)
  14.逆勢遞增句



  借“遞增”的形式表示“遞減”的意思,與漢語不同。如:



  Increasingly unpopular.( 越來越不得人心。)


  15. 隱型遞增句

  指沒有遞增的形式,有遞增的寓意,可借意譯彰顯其真實含義。
  Still waters run deep.(靜流水深,大智若愚)
  Old but vigorous(老當(dāng)益壯)
  You can’t praise him too much.(怎么表揚他也不過分。)
  16.詞義轉(zhuǎn)換法,翻譯遞減級。


  The vernal breeze rejuvenates the willows; all creatures grow less and less dead.
 ?。ù猴L(fēng)又綠江南岸)
  三.強勢比較結(jié)構(gòu)
  1. far ,much, considerable, appreciably, lots, a lot, a good deal, a great deal +比較級。譯作:遠(yuǎn)比……得多,遠(yuǎn)勝于……。
In a sense, translation is considerably more difficult than composition.


 ?。ㄔ谀撤N意義上,翻譯比寫作要難)
  2. more +比較級。譯作:越……,越……。


  The more admonished, the more worse. (越勸越醉)
  3. more +本該加er的原級。


  This is a more sounder resolution.(這是一個合理的解決方案。)

  4. more than + 原級。分外,榮幸。

  You do me more than proud.(我不勝榮幸。)
  5. most +最高級。
  The peonies of Heze is the finest in the world.


 ?。ú苤菽档ぜ滋煜?。)
  6. no +比較級。譯作:一點兒也沒有……。
  The situations in Iraq become no better.
 ?。ㄒ晾说男蝿菀稽c兒也沒好轉(zhuǎn)。)


  7. still (even) +比較級。譯作:更加……,倍加……。
  The Chinese flowering crabapple looks still even more charming against the green leaves.


 ?。ㄔ诰G葉的映襯下,海棠花顯得更加嬌艷。)
  8. still less(=much less) 。譯作:更不用說……。


  She was too shy to speak to his neighbors, still less speak to the whole class.


 ?。ㄋ懶〉亩疾桓液徒址徽f話,更不用說面對全班發(fā)言了。)


  9. 本不該加est的原級+ est 。譯作:極其……。
  Sino-American relations belong to the complicatedest bilateral relations.
 ?。ㄖ忻狸P(guān)系是最為復(fù)雜的一對雙邊關(guān)系。)



  10. 主語+as …… as+相同主語。譯作:不僅……,而且……。



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