1、“…化”
   現(xiàn)代化→modernize
　 市場(chǎng)化→marketize
　 地區(qū)化→regionalize
　 多極化→polypolarize
　 干部隊(duì)伍的革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化。
　 The ranks of the cadres become more revolutionary, younger in average age, better-educated and
   more professionally competent. / Cadres are more revolutionary, younger, better-educated and
   more professional.
　 國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化
　 Democracy should be practiced in international relations. / We should practice democracy in
   international relations.
　 企業(yè)化→turn …into business institutions make…function as an enterprise
　 集團(tuán)化→incorporate…into an enterprise
　 公開化→to be brought into the open
　 股份化→transfer…into share holding
　 如果兩岸客運(yùn)包機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)“節(jié)日化”，還可以向常態(tài)化發(fā)展。
　 節(jié)日化→on all festivals and holidays
　 常態(tài)化→develop toward normalization / develop into a regular practice / develop and normalize
           this practice

2、“在…的…下”
    在改革開放的推動(dòng)下→Thanks to the further push by the opening-up and reform
　　在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下→Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
　　在改革開放政策的帶動(dòng)下→Driven by the reform and opening-up policy

3、“是”    constitute / represent / form / prove / 系表結(jié)構(gòu)以外的形式
　　…已是世界文化遺產(chǎn)之一
　　... has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List
　　旅游一直是人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)、豐富閱歷、強(qiáng)健體魄的美好追求。
　　Tourism has demonstrated the happy wish for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.
　  21世紀(jì)頭20年，是中國(guó)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)、加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，也是中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)
    展的有利時(shí)期。
　　The first 20 years of the 21st century represents an important strategic period for China to
    achieve all-round construction of a better-off society and to speed up its socialist
    modernization.

4、“對(duì)…表示贊賞”
　　we appreciate
　　we’d like to express our appreciation for…
　　we think highly of…
　　…deserve our admiration
　　we see something constructive/admirable/meaningful/inspiring in your…

5、正向強(qiáng)化 “+”
　 加強(qiáng)合作→strengthen cooperation
　 促進(jìn)發(fā)展→promote development
　 增加機(jī)會(huì)→increase opportunities
　 深化改革→deepen reform
　 推動(dòng)貿(mào)易→facilitate trade
   萬(wàn)能動(dòng)詞further

6、“值得（我們）欣慰 / 高興 / 欣喜 / 慶賀的是…”
　　It is gratifying / delightful / pleasing / wonderful / great（for us）to know / see…
　　We / People are gratified / delighted / pleased / happy / glad to know / see…

7、“是…的原因”
　　be the instrument of
　　A  generates / gives rise to / gives birth to / leads to / results in  B
　　As a result / Consequently / Finally / ……
　　各國(guó)有著不同的發(fā)展歷史、文化傳統(tǒng)、政治制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，這是亞太地區(qū)富有發(fā)展活力的重要原因。
　　Countries are different in history, cultural tradition, political system and economic model,
    which gives the region its very vigor and vitality.

8、“問(wèn)題”        problem
　　安全問(wèn)題→security concerns / security issues / security threats
　　臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題→Taiwan issue / problem / question
　　根本問(wèn)題→basic question
　　原則問(wèn)題→matter of principle
　　找出問(wèn)題→locate the fault
　　揚(yáng)聲器有問(wèn)題→There is a fault in the loudspeaker.
　　我今天談四個(gè)問(wèn)題→I’d like to make four points today.

9、“方式”        ways/approaches
　　工作方式→work pattern
　　管理/領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式→style of management / leadership
　　各種付款方式→various methods of payment
　　經(jīng)營(yíng)方式→mode of operation
　　生活方式→way of life / life style / mode of living
　　運(yùn)輸方式→means / forms of transport
　　方式更加隱蔽，手段更加殘忍。
　　Their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal.
    用和平談判的方式解決問(wèn)題
　　solve a problem by peaceful negotiation
    他做什么事都有自己的一套方式。
　　He has a style of his own in everything.

10、主張 / 堅(jiān)持 / 提出 / 倡議 / 倡導(dǎo)
　　stand for / maintain / hold / believe / agree / put forward / propose
　　advocate / affirm / attest / avow / aver
　　主張改革→favor reforms/in favor of reforms
　　主張維護(hù)世界和平→stand for the maintenance of world peace
　　堅(jiān)持全面的、歷史的、發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)
　　persist in the comprehensive, historical and developmental viewpoint
　　倡導(dǎo)禁止核武器→take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons

11、“重點(diǎn)”
　　重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目→key project
　　重點(diǎn)工作→focal point of the work
　　重點(diǎn)發(fā)展→put priority on the development of sth
　　重點(diǎn)推廣→make sth the keystone of popularization
　　主張改革→favor reforms / in favor of reforms
　　重點(diǎn)支持生產(chǎn)區(qū)發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn)→Support will be focused on increasing production in major grain
    producing areas.

12、“工作”、”現(xiàn)象”、“形勢(shì)”
　　大多數(shù)美國(guó)人，尤其是少數(shù)民族，都確信美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度中存在著不公正現(xiàn)象。
　　Most people in America, minority people in particular, are convinced that injustices exist in
    their economic system.
　　最高級(jí)會(huì)議的準(zhǔn)備工作繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
　　Preparations for the summit meeting continued.
　　促進(jìn)全國(guó)的創(chuàng)新工作          promote innovation on a national scale
　　世界形勢(shì)繼續(xù)發(fā)生深刻變化。
　　The world is further witnessing deep changes.

13、“充分發(fā)揮 / 發(fā)揚(yáng)”
　　 充分發(fā)揮積極性→ give full play to one’s initiative
　　 bring one’s initiative into full play
　　 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分發(fā)揚(yáng)自力更生的精神。
　　 We should give full play to the spirit of self-reliance.
　　 科研機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)制為企業(yè)后，將建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度，適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需要，從而充分發(fā)揮其研究、開發(fā)和創(chuàng)新的優(yōu)
     勢(shì)。
　　 Scientific research institutions, when transformed into enterprises, shall establish the
     modern enterprise system and orient / gear themselves geared to the needs of the market,
     giving full play to their strength in research, development and innovation.

14、“有利于…”beneficial / conducive / advantageous / wholesome / favorable / helpful　　
　　中國(guó)將扶持有利于高新技術(shù)發(fā)展的資本市場(chǎng)。
　　China will help foster capital markets conducive to the development of high-tech industries.

15、“攜手”    hand in hand / join hands / work jointly / make a concerted effort
　　中國(guó)的科技部門將與國(guó)際科技界和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)界、商界攜手共建新世界的創(chuàng)業(yè)平臺(tái)。
　　China’s science and technology sector will work in partnership with the international
    community of science and technology as well as the economic and business circles of the world
    to build up a platform for innovation in the new century.

16、“關(guān)鍵”     key / decisive factor / hinge / crux
　　關(guān)鍵的一年→crucial year
　　關(guān)鍵人物→person of importance
　　到關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻→when it comes to the crunch
　　起關(guān)鍵作用→play a pivotal role
　　The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.
　　問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是人們的態(tài)度改變了。
　　Now we come to the crux of the problem.
　　現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)談問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)所在。
　　雙方的談判已到了關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。
　　The negotiations between the two sides are approaching the crisis.　　

17、“在…層面 / 方面 / 問(wèn)題 / 戰(zhàn)線上”             on + side/front/level/plane
　　在內(nèi)部方面→on the internal side
　　在外交戰(zhàn)線→on the diplomatic front
　　在意識(shí)形態(tài)戰(zhàn)線→on the ideological front
　　在高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層面→on the top leadership level
　　在有利方面→on the plus side
　　在不利方面→on the minus side
　　在精神層面→on the spiritual plane
　　在物質(zhì)層面→on the material plane

18、“由于…”
　　thanks to / by virtue of（褒義）
　　because of / owing to / due to / on account of（中性）
　　in consequence of（貶義）
　　由于缺乏溝通而產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題→problems arising out of the lack of communication
　　由于時(shí)間晚了，我現(xiàn)在要回家了。
　　Since it is late, I shall go home now.

19、“流傳”
　　謠言在街上流傳。
　　Rumor circulated through the town.
　　有關(guān)他辭職的消息傳得很快。
　　Word spread quickly about his resignation.
　　在中國(guó)，也流傳著這樣的話……
　　a century-old popular saying    或    a long-held popular view / opinion

20、“具有”
　　具有悠久的歷史→with a long history
　　具有高度的責(zé)任心→possess a high sense of responsibility
　　具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義→have a profound historical significance
　　具有濃郁東方氣息→possess a rich oriental flavor
　　具有豐富的資源和眾多的人口→boast abundant resources and populations
　　具有法律義務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任→under the legal obligation to undertake the responsibility

21、“適應(yīng)”   adapt to / be accustomed to / fit in with
　　中國(guó)地毯業(yè)在保持中華民族傳統(tǒng)特色的同時(shí)，還將在融匯東西方文化的精粹和適應(yīng)國(guó)際流行色調(diào)上下功夫。
　　分析：這里的“適應(yīng)”并不是指“中國(guó)地毯也怎樣從不適應(yīng)走向適應(yīng)”，而是指“怎樣跟上國(guó)際流行
         色調(diào)”、“怎樣與國(guó)際流行色調(diào)保持同步”，或者“怎么迎合國(guó)際流行色調(diào)的品味”，因此可
         譯為：
          to keep up with international fashions in color and tone
          to conform to international fashions in color and tone
          to gear to internationally prevalent colors and tones

22、“精粹” / “精華” / “精髓”
　　古典文學(xué)精髓→quintessence / cream of classical literature
　　馬克思主義精髓→pith and marrow of Marxism
　　概括文章的精華→sum up the gist of an article
　　取其精華，去其糟粕→select the essence and discard the gross
　　他們是這一代人中的精華→They are the cream / pick of this generation.
　　日月之精華→radiance of the sun and moon
　　文章必須短小而精粹→The article must be short and succinct.
　　融匯東西方文化的精粹→blending / merging the picks of Oriental and Occidental cultures

23、“什么”
　　兩岸對(duì)話和談判即可恢復(fù)，而且什么問(wèn)題都可以談。
　　we can talk about any issue. / Any issue can be talked about. / There will be no limitations 
    to the kind of issues in our talks. / No limitations will be set to the issues in our
    talks. / We will set no limitations to the issues to be discussed in the two-party talks.

24、“軌道”
　　我們希望臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局早日回到“九二共識(shí)”的軌道上來(lái)。
   分析：path  軌道
          course / track  軌道
   答案：We hope that Taiwan authorities could return to the course of the “1992 Consensus”
          at an early rate.
          他們?cè)O(shè)法使自己國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。
　　      They tried to put their country’s economy on course.
　　      雙方都像使他們的談判沿著正確的軌道進(jìn)行。
　      　Both sides want to put their talks on the right track.

25、“方針”
　　……寄希望于臺(tái)灣人民的方針決不改變。
　　分析：policy  政策
　　      guidelines / guiding principle  方針
　　答案：Our guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people will remain unchanged. / Never
          change the guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people.

26、“分隔”
　　“臺(tái)獨(dú)”分裂勢(shì)力越是想把臺(tái)灣同胞同我們分隔開來(lái)，我們就越是要更緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)臺(tái)灣同胞。
     分析：separate / divide  分隔
　　        isolate / insulate  分隔
　　  答案：The more the “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces try to insulate Taiwan
             compatriots from us, the more closely we will try to unite with them.

27、“沒有”
　　如果沒有西方的價(jià)值觀體系，就沒有任何社會(huì)可以真正地實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。
　　分析：if there is no Western value system  如果沒有西方的價(jià)值觀體系
　　      without the Western value system  如果沒有西方的價(jià)值觀體系
　　答案：Without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able
          to achieve modernization.

28、“陸續(xù)”
　　代表陸續(xù)到達(dá)上海。
　　The delegates arrived in Shanghai one after another.
　　好消息接二連三地陸續(xù)傳來(lái)。
　　Good news came to us in succession.
　　我們將進(jìn)一步陸續(xù)出臺(tái)解決臺(tái)灣同胞關(guān)心的問(wèn)題、維護(hù)臺(tái)灣同胞正當(dāng)權(quán)益的政策措施。
　　We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address
    issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and
    interests.
29、“解決”
　　我們將進(jìn)一步陸續(xù)出臺(tái)解決臺(tái)灣同胞關(guān)心的問(wèn)題、維護(hù)臺(tái)灣同胞正當(dāng)權(quán)益的政策措施。
　　We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address 
    issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and
    interests.

30、“熱衷于”
      許多西方學(xué)者熱衷于探討不同文明的關(guān)系?！　?/span>
     分析：evince a strong passion for  熱衷于
　　      crave  熱衷于
　　      be fond of  熱衷于
　　      be keen on  熱衷于
　　      have  shown/demonstrate/displayed/taken  deep/strong/keen  interest in  熱衷于
　　      他熱衷于追名逐利。
          He hankers after personal fame and gain.
　　　　  他們熱衷于溜冰。
　      　They are fond of skating.

31、“思想”
　　孔子的“仁政”和“和而不同”思想，對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家的治國(guó)者，不能說(shuō)是沒有意義的。
　　Confucius’ idea of “benevolent governance” and his concept of “being harmonious while
    remaining different” are of great significance to any leader of a country.
　　對(duì)外改革開放的思想→the idea of the reform and opening-up to the outside world
　　有中國(guó)特色的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)思想→the concept of a market economy with Chinese characteristics

32、“涉外”concerning foreign affairs or foreign nationals  或  involving / related 
    to foreign nationals and countries
　　涉外工作→working involving foreign countries or foreign nationals
　　涉外問(wèn)題→issues related to foreign countries or foreign nationals
　　涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī)→laws and regulations governing business relations with foreign organizations  
    and individuals
　　涉外飯店→hotels designated for accommodating foreigners
　　涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同→an economic contract involving a foreign partner / party

33、“根據(jù)”　　
    根據(jù)本條例→in accordance / accord with the spirit of this regulations
　　根據(jù)合同使用勞動(dòng)力→use labor on a contract basis
　　根據(jù)具體情況→in the light of the circumstances
　　根據(jù)先例→based on precedents
　　根據(jù)重量→by weight
　　根據(jù)現(xiàn)行中國(guó)法律→under the existing Chinese law
　　毫無(wú)根據(jù)→be utterly groundless
　　她的懷疑是有充分根據(jù)的→There is great cause for her suspicion.