合同中的選詞要求極為嚴(yán)格，以顯得鄭重，嚴(yán)肅。

Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction.

雙方無法控制的事件或情況應(yīng)視為不可抗力事件，這包括但不限于火災(zāi)，風(fēng)災(zāi)，水災(zāi)，地震，爆炸，戰(zhàn)爭，叛亂，暴動(dòng)，傳染病及瘟疫。

2 多用術(shù)語商務(wù) 合同中兼有法律和商業(yè)用語。

3 同義詞連用合同行文的主要特點(diǎn)之一就是用“and”或“or”把兩個(gè)或以上短語連接起來。The Seller shall sell and the Buyer shall buy the following described property upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth within this contract.

按照合同中所提之條款條件，賣方將出售而買方將購進(jìn)以下商品。

Party A acknowledges and agrees that the technology it will receive from Party B during the term of this Contract shall be kept secrete and confidential.

甲方承認(rèn)并同意在合同期內(nèi)由乙方提供的技術(shù)應(yīng)屬保密。

This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.

該合同由甲方和乙方共同制定。

The Buyer reserves the right to investigate or inspect at any time whether the products, qualifications, or facilities meet the Contract requirements,

買方保留隨時(shí)對產(chǎn)品，質(zhì)量或設(shè)施是否符合合同要求進(jìn)行檢查的權(quán)利。

4.多用名稱 為避免歧義，合同中盡量用名詞代替代詞。Example:

If the Seller determines the performance has not been completed satisfactorily and in conformance with this Contract, the performance bond may be retained by the Seller until the Seller can determine damages caused by the lack of performance.

賣方如果確定履行情況不令人滿意或與合同不符，在他能夠確定履行不善所造成的損失之前可以扣留履約保證金。

5.多用副詞 合同中常用的副詞：

hereafter今后, 從此以后; Thereon在其上/thereupon關(guān)于：關(guān)于那件事;關(guān)于那/whereupon 在哪上面,因此; Thereunder .在其下; Hereto到此為止; Whereto向那里, 到那個(gè)地方; Hereinabove在上文; hereinbefore在上文中; Hereinafter在下文中; hereinbelow在下文

6 在合同中，shall為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示強(qiáng)烈的義務(wù)關(guān)系。Examples:

The date of registration of the cooperative venture company shall be the date of the establishment of the board of directors of the cooperative venture company.

合資公司登記注冊之日，為董事會(huì)正式成立之日。

The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and Part B and approved by the original examination and approval authority.

只有在甲方和乙方共同簽署書面協(xié)議，并且經(jīng)原審批機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)，合同及其它附件的修訂才能生效。

This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.

本合同應(yīng)以英文寫成，一式四份，雙方各持兩份。

7.合同專項(xiàng)詞匯

合同中常用的專項(xiàng)詞匯：Whereas鑒于…, 但是;相反; In witness whereof特此作證 ,以資證明; Prior to在…之前; In accordance with與...一致, 依照; In compliance with .遵照,和...一致,按照; Provided that如果,只要,倘若; Subject to以…為條件，以…據(jù), 易受...的

第二節(jié) 商務(wù)合同的句法特點(diǎn)

1. 多用陳述句 2. 多用條件句

In case a third party brings a charge of infringement, licensor shall be responsible for dealing with the third party and bear full legal and financial responsibilities which may arise.

若第三方起訴侵權(quán)，出讓方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)處理第三方事務(wù)，并承擔(dān)全部相應(yīng)的法律和財(cái)政責(zé)任。

3多用現(xiàn)在式Example:

Licensor guarantees that licensor is legitimate owner of the know-how supplied by licensor to licensee in accordance with the stipulations of the contract, and that licensor is lawfully in a position to transfer the know-how to licensee.

出讓人擔(dān)保自己合法擁有按合同規(guī)定由他轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人的該項(xiàng)技術(shù)，把該項(xiàng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人是合法的。

4 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表責(zé)任Example:

Party A shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity.甲方應(yīng)承擔(dān)所有廣告和推銷費(fèi)用。

The employer may ask bidders individually for clarification of their tenders, including breakdowns of unit prices.

業(yè)主可要求投標(biāo)者就其標(biāo)書作出解釋，包括單位價(jià)格細(xì)目表。

The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer four copies of all Drawings, Specification and other documents.

承包商應(yīng)向工程師提供所有的圖紙，規(guī)格和其它文件，一式四份。

5 多用長句

(1)特長句子Example:

In the event of a Subcontractor having undertaken towards the Contractor in respect of the work executed; or the goods, materials, Plant or services supplied by such Subcontractor, any continuing obligation extending for a period exceeding that of the Defects Liability Period under the Contract, the Contractor shall at any time, after the expiration of such period, assign to the Employer, at the Employer’s request and cost, the benefit of such obligation for the unexpired duration thereof.

如果分包商在所進(jìn)行的工作，或他提供的貨物，材料，工程設(shè)備或服務(wù)等方面，在合同規(guī)定的缺陷責(zé)任期結(jié)束后繼續(xù)為承包商承擔(dān)義務(wù)，承包商在缺陷責(zé)任期后的任何時(shí)間須按雇主的要求并由雇主承擔(dān)費(fèi)用，把未滿延長期限的此類義務(wù)的利益轉(zhuǎn)讓給雇主。

During the validity of this Agreement, Party A refrains from offering the above-mentioned goods to other merchants with ports in Country X as ports of destination, while Party B undertakes to refrain from purchasing, pushing sales off or acting as agents for the commodity of other suppliers the same as or similar to that stated in Article 2 and guarantees not to transship in any way the said goods supplied by Party A to any area, where exclusivity or sale agency has been granted by Party A.

在本協(xié)議有效期內(nèi)，甲方不得將上述商品提供給以X為目的港的其它商人，而乙方不得購買，促銷，或代理與第二條規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品相同或相似的其它供應(yīng)商的產(chǎn)品，并且保證不將甲方提供的上述商品轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到甲方指派獨(dú)家代理人或銷售代理人的任何地方。

(2) 復(fù)雜狀語的使用Example:

If any loss or damage happens to the Works, or any part thereof, or materials or Plant for incorporation therein, during the period for which the Contractor is responsible for the care thereof, from any cause whatever, other than the risks defined in Clause 53.1.1, the Contractor shall, at his own cost, rectify such loss or damage so that the permanent Works conform in every aspect with the provisions of the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

在承包商負(fù)責(zé)照管期間，如果工程或其任何部分，或所用材料或設(shè)備對公司造成任何損失或損壞，除第53.1.1條規(guī)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外，不論出于何種原因，承包商須出資對這些損失或損壞進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)，以使永久工程在各方面都符合合同的規(guī)定，達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。

If, before the Time for completion of the whole of the Works or, if applicable, any Section, a Taking-Over Certificate has been issued for any part of the Works or of a Section, the liquidated damages for delay in completion of the remainder of the Works or of that Section shall, for any period of delay after the date stated in such Taking-Over Certificate, and in the absence of alternative provisions in the Contract, be reduced in the Proportion which the value of the Part so certified bears to the value for the whole of the Works or Section, as applicable.

在整個(gè)工程或區(qū)段的竣工期限之前，如果已對工程或區(qū)段的任何部分簽發(fā)了移交證書，在合同中無替代條款的情況下，該工程或區(qū)段剩余部分拖到該移交證書注明的日期之后尚未完工，由此產(chǎn)生的違約償金應(yīng)該按已簽發(fā)部分的價(jià)值在整個(gè)工程或區(qū)段的價(jià)值中占的比例減少。

第三節(jié) 商務(wù)合同與協(xié)議的翻譯

(1)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Example:

Prior to commencement of any work under this Contract and during the period of the Contract, the Purchaser shall provide proof of insurance coverage required by this Contract.

在本合同各項(xiàng)目開工之前以及在合同期間，買方應(yīng)按合同要求出具保險(xiǎn)范圍證明。

(2)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換Example:

The measurement, gross weight, net weight and the cautions such as “Do not stack up and down”, “Keep away from moisture”, “Handle with care” shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment.

在每件包裝上必須用不褪色顏料印上尺寸，毛重，凈重以及“請勿倒置”，“保持干燥”， “小心輕放”等警示語。

3 省略 (1)省略同義詞

在翻譯中，英文中的重復(fù)用詞可以省略。For example:

The Seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing.

由于包裝不當(dāng)造成的貨物缺損由賣方負(fù)責(zé)。

Licensee agrees that licensee shall keep the know-how supplied by licensor under secret and confidential conditions within the validity period of the Contract.

受讓人同意在合同有效期內(nèi)對出讓人提供的技術(shù)保密。

(2) 省略名詞 英文中重復(fù)的名詞可以省略。For example:

In the course of arbitration, the contract shall be continuously executed by both Parties except the part of the contract which is under arbitration.

在仲裁過程中，除仲裁中的那部分合同外，其它部分應(yīng)由雙方繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。

5) In two visits to the United States, Jamaica’s Prime Minister, in response to the World Bank’s repeated urges, suggested the message to the US policy makers for the good of both countries, particular in the matter of bilateral monetary affairs.

在世界銀行的反復(fù)催促下，為了牙買加和美國的利益，特別是雙邊金融事務(wù)方面的利益，牙買加總理兩次訪美時(shí)都向美國決策者提出了這些建議。

(3)省略副詞 Thereof 和hereof 一類的副詞在翻譯中可以省略。Example:

All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.

由此合同履行而導(dǎo)致的所有爭議都應(yīng)由雙方友好協(xié)商解決。

4 重復(fù)

英文中，很多結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是在并列句中，是可以省略的。但在漢語中，為了對稱，很多時(shí)候要將已知事務(wù)予以重現(xiàn)。For example:

The Seller may terminate this Contract by oral or written notice to the Purchaser upon its beach as determined by the Seller or at other times when deemed necessary by the Seller. Upon such notice, the Purchaser shall cease all operations on and immediately leave, and not return to, the Seller’s property unless otherwise provided by the Seller.

賣方確定買方違約或認(rèn)為有必要終止合同時(shí)，可以用口頭或者書面通知買方的方式終止此合同。一收到這一通知，若賣方?jīng)]有其它規(guī)定，買方就應(yīng)停止一切工作并立即離開賣方的房地產(chǎn)并不得返回。

第四節(jié) 翻譯技巧(1)長句的翻譯

1 順譯法

Party A and Party B agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent.

甲乙雙方同意雙方共同成立一家合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)來引進(jìn)專利，并按專利提供技術(shù)進(jìn)行合作生產(chǎn)。

2 逆譯法

The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to force Majeure cause or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or can not deliver the goods.

因不可抗力原因使賣方不能發(fā)貨或在本銷售合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)交貨，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。

3 分譯法

The Tenderer and any of his representatives will be granted permission by the Employer or his agent SU company to enter upon its premises and lands for the purpose of such inspection by prior arrangement, but only upon the express condition that the Tenderer and his representatives, will release and indemnify the Employer or his agent SU company and its personnel from and against all liability in respect thereof and will be responsible for personal injury (whether fatal or otherwise), loss of or damage to property and any other loss, damage, costs and expenses however caused, which, but for exercise of such permission, would not have arisen.

根據(jù)事先安排，業(yè)主或其代理人SU公司會(huì)允許投標(biāo)者及其代表到工程現(xiàn)場檢查，但唯一的條件是投標(biāo)人或其代理人不得要求業(yè)主或其代理人SU公司及其人員承擔(dān)這一檢查方面的責(zé)任，并且應(yīng)對若不進(jìn)行這一檢查就不會(huì)發(fā)生的(致命或非致命的)人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)缺損以及其它損失，損害和所發(fā)生的開支費(fèi)用承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

2 定語從句(1)限定性定語從句

It will also have its own offices, associates or agents in the countries with which it trades.

它在與它進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的國家里也擁有辦事處，合伙人或代理商。

Except in cases where the insurance is covered by the Buyer as arranged, insurance is to be covered by the Sellers with a Chinese insurance company.

除按約定由買方投保者外，其它的由賣方向中國保險(xiǎn)公司投保。

The Equipment and Material which are carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material may be expected to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.

這些設(shè)備和材料按其形狀和特性精心包裝，固定牢實(shí)可靠，可望經(jīng)受長途海上和內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸和反復(fù)裝卸。

(2)非限定性定語從句 靈活翻譯，翻譯時(shí)一般保持在原位。

The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-mentioned time, failing which, the Seller shall have the right to rescind this Contract upon the arrival of the notice at Buyer or to accept whole or part of this Contract non fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained, if any.

買方須在上述日期前開立信用證，否則賣方有權(quán)通知買方取消合同，或接受買方未履行的合同的全部或部分，并就遭受的直接損失提出索賠。

句中有非限定性定語從句時(shí)，可以將句中拆分，翻譯成兩個(gè)并列句。

The manufacturer desires to appoint some overseas agents for its business abroad, who will work on commission.

廠商想指定一些海外代理負(fù)責(zé)其國外業(yè)務(wù)，他們的工作報(bào)酬按傭金支付。

有些非限定性定語從句實(shí)際上表示目的或結(jié)果，可以翻譯成狀語從句。

It is necessary for us to conduct amicable negotiation on the quality discrepancy, which may help sustain our long-term cooperation.

我們必須就質(zhì)量異議進(jìn)行友好協(xié)商，這有助于維持我們的長期合作。

(2)轉(zhuǎn)換語序

I am contacting you because I can help you improve the pulling power of your advertising without increasing your advertising budget.

我們與貴方聯(lián)系是因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詭椭F方提高廣告的吸引力而不增加廣告預(yù)算。

(3)轉(zhuǎn)換狀語從句類型

Where there is any quality discrepancy, the seller needs to look into it right away.

倘若有質(zhì)量異議，賣方需要立即調(diào)查。

The Seller may, when it deems it reasonable and in the best interest of the Seller, allow the Purchaser to continue performance under the Contract.

若賣方認(rèn)為合理且符合賣方最佳利益，可以允許買方繼續(xù)履行合同。

No modification of this Contract or waiver of its terms and conditions shall be effective unless they are made in writing and signed by the parties.

合同修訂或條款條件取締以雙方書面形式簽字為準(zhǔn)。

1 本合同有效期從合同生效之日算起共10年，有效期滿后，本合同自動(dòng)失效。

The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of the contract, the contract shall automatically become void.

2 買賣雙方經(jīng)協(xié)商同意按下列條款成交。

The underlined Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction according to the terms and conditions set forth as follows:

3 若買方提出索賠，凡屬品質(zhì)異議須于貨到目的口岸之日起30天內(nèi)提出，凡屬數(shù)量異議須于貨到目的口岸之日起15天內(nèi)提出。

In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claims should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.

4 買方應(yīng)用不可撤銷信用證支付該賣方運(yùn)費(fèi)。

The Delivery Payment shall be paid by Buyer to Seller under an irrevocable letter of credit.

5 本合同為中英文兩種文本，兩種文本具有同等效力。

This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic.

6 因乙方違背本合同的規(guī)定而產(chǎn)生的違約金，損壞賠償金和其它相關(guān)費(fèi)用，甲方可在保證金中抵扣。

In case party B breaches this contract, party A has right to deduct the default fine, compensation for damage or any other expense from the deposit.

7 本合同附件是本合同的有效組成部分，與本合同具有同等法律效力。

Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and the contract are equally valid.

8 由于一般公認(rèn)的人力不可抗拒原因而不能交貨或裝船延遲，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。

The Seller shall not be held responswible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods owing to generally recognized “Force Majuere” causes.

9 一切因執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生與本合同有關(guān)之爭執(zhí)，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決。

All disputes in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be amicably settled through amicable negotiation.

10 本合同采用一次性支付使用費(fèi)的方式，計(jì)價(jià)的貨幣為美元。

The amount of the payable Royalty for the Program will be a one-time charge. The currency shall be in US dollars.

11. The royalties shall be calculated on the basis of Net Selling Price of such products.

版稅應(yīng)該根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的銷售凈價(jià)計(jì)算。

12. Owner shall have no obligation to grant extension if delays were not excusable delays, or otherwise resulted, directly or indirectly, from the Contractor’s breach of this Contract.

如果是無理由的，或者直接或間接由承包商違約造成無法如期竣工，業(yè)主沒有義務(wù)予以寬限。

13. It is the responsibility of the Owner to take reasonable steps to provide a work area free of household obstructions, and to remove or protect household items in areas where it may be reasonably anticipated by the Owner that they may be subject to dust, damage or vibrations.

業(yè)主有責(zé)任采取合理措施保證居家環(huán)境暢通無阻，并且搬掉或者保護(hù)可能受塵，受損或者受震動(dòng)的用品。

14. Seller shall deliver each Shipment to the applicable Place of Delivery on or before the applicable Delivery Date set forth in the Project Schedule.

賣方應(yīng)該在工程計(jì)劃表中所規(guī)定的交貨日期之日或之前發(fā)送每批貨物。

15. This Contract shall terminate and expire automatically upon the full performance or discharge of all the obligations of the Parties hereunder.

雙方全部責(zé)任一經(jīng)履行完畢，該合同自動(dòng)終止。

16. Immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the Seller shall advise the Buyer by cable of the Contract number, name of goods, quantity or weight loaded, invoice value, name of vessel, port of shipment, sailing date and port of destination.

貨物裝船后賣方應(yīng)該立即發(fā)電報(bào)告知買方合同號，品名，裝運(yùn)數(shù)量或重量，發(fā)票金額，船名，裝運(yùn)港，啟航日期以及目的港。

17. In case the quality, quantity or weight of the goods be found not in conformity with those stipulated in this Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau within 60 days after arrival of goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall return the goods to or lodge claims against the Seller for compensation of losses upon the strength of Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or owners of the carrying vessel are liable.

貨到目的口岸60天內(nèi)經(jīng)中國商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)驗(yàn)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)品質(zhì)或數(shù)量或重量與本合同規(guī)定不符時(shí)，除屬于保險(xiǎn)公司或船方負(fù)責(zé)者外，買方憑中國商品檢驗(yàn)局出具的檢驗(yàn)證明書向賣方提出退貨或索賠。

18. It is mutually agreed that for the quality of the contracted goods in this category, the Inspection Certificate issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau after inspection the goods within 90 days from the date of arrival at the port of destination shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties.

雙方同意本合同所訂立此類商品之品質(zhì)應(yīng)以貨物到達(dá)目的口岸后90天內(nèi)經(jīng)中國商品檢驗(yàn)局檢驗(yàn)并以該局所簽發(fā)之檢驗(yàn)證為最終依據(jù)，雙方均遵守之。

19. If insurance for additional amount and/or for other insurance terms is required by the Buyer, prior notice to this effect must reach the Sellers before shipment and is subject to the Sellers’ agreement, and the extra insurance premium shall be for the Buyers’ account.

買方如需增加保險(xiǎn)額及/或需加其它保險(xiǎn)，可于裝船前提出，經(jīng)賣方同意后代為投保，其費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。

20. The Parties, adhering to principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultation, desire to exert all their efforts in co-operating with each other and agree to jointly invest to set up a joint venture enterprise TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China for the purpose of expanding international economic cooperation and technological exchange on a mutual beneficial and profitable basis.

雙方本著平等互利原則通過友好協(xié)商，愿盡全力相互合作，共同投資，在中華人民共和國天津市經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)建立合資經(jīng)營企業(yè);在互惠互利的基礎(chǔ)上，擴(kuò)展國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流。