中華人民共和國刑法

CRIMINAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

第一編 總則

PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一章 刑法的任務(wù)、基本原則和適用范圍

CHAPTER I THE AIM, BASIC PRINCIPLES AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE

第一條 為了懲罰犯罪，保護人民，根據(jù)憲法，結(jié)合我國同犯罪作斗爭的具體經(jīng)驗及實際情況，制定本法。

Article 1 In order to punish crimes and protect the people, this Law is enacted on the basis of the Constitution and in the light of the concrete experiences and actual circumstances in China's fight against crimes.

第二條 中華人民共和國刑法的任務(wù)，是用刑罰同一切犯罪行為作斗爭，以保衛(wèi)國家安全，保衛(wèi)人民民主專政的政權(quán)和社會主義制度，保護國有財產(chǎn)和勞動群眾集體所有的財產(chǎn)，保護公民私人所有的財產(chǎn)，保護公民的人身權(quán)利、民主權(quán)利和其他權(quán)利，維護社會秩序、經(jīng)濟秩序，保障社會主義建設(shè)事業(yè)的順利進行。

Article 2 The aim of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China is to use criminal punishments to fight against all criminal acts in order to safeguard security of the State, to defend the State power of the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist system, to protect property owned by the State, and property collectively owned by the working people and property privately owned by citizens, to protect citizens' rights of the person and their democratic and other rights, to maintain public and economic order, and to ensure the smooth progress of socialist construction.

第三條 法律明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，依照法律定罪處刑;法律沒有明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，不得定罪處刑。

Article 3 For acts that are explicitly defined as criminal acts in law, the offenders shall be convicted and punished in accordance with law; otherwise, they shall not be convicted or punished.

第四條 對任何人犯罪，在適用法律上一律平等。不允許任何人有超越法律的特權(quán)。

Article 4 The law shall be equally applied to anyone who commits a crime. No one shall have the privilege of transcending the law.

第五條 刑罰的輕重，應(yīng)當(dāng)與犯罪分子所犯罪行和承擔(dān)的刑事責(zé)任相適應(yīng)。

Article 5 The degree of punishment shall be commensurate with the crime committed and the criminal responsibility to be borne by the offender.

第六條 凡在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)犯罪的，除法律有特別規(guī)定的以外，都適用本法。

Article 6 This Law shall be applicable to anyone who commits a crime within the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's republic of China, except as otherwise specifically provided by law.

凡在中華人民共和國船舶或者航空器內(nèi)犯罪的，也適用本法。

This Law shall also be applicable to anyone who commits a crime on board a ship or aircraft of the People's Republic of China.

犯罪的行為或者結(jié)果有一項發(fā)生在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的，就認為是在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)犯罪。

If a criminal act or its consequence takes place within the territory or territorial waters or space of the People's Republic of China, the crime shall be deemed to have been committed within the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China.

第七條 中華人民共和國公民在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域外犯本法規(guī)定之罪的，適用本法，但是按本法規(guī)定的最高刑為三年以下有期徒刑的，可以不予追究。

Article 7 This Law shall be applicable to any citizen of the People's Republic of China who commits a crime prescribed in this Law outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China; however, if the maximum punishment to be imposed is fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years as stipulated in this Law, he may be exempted from the investigation for his criminal responsibility.

中華人民共和國國家工作人員和軍人在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域外犯本法規(guī)定之罪的，適用本法。

This Law shall be applicable to any State functionary or serviceman who commits a crime prescribed in this Law outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China.

第八條 外國人在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域外對中華人民共和國國家或者公民犯罪，而按本法規(guī)定的最低刑為三年以上有期徒刑的，可以適用本法，但是按照犯罪地的法律不受處罰的除外。

Article 8 This Law may be applicable to any foreigner who commits a crime outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China against the State of the People's Republic of China or against any of its citizens, if for that crime this Law prescribes a minimum punishment of fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years; however, this does not apply to a crime that is not punishable according to the laws of the place where it is committed.

第九條 對于中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約所規(guī)定的罪行，中華人民共和國在所承擔(dān)條約義務(wù)的范圍內(nèi)行使刑事管轄權(quán)的，適用本法。

Article 9 This Law shall be applicable to crimes which are stipulated in international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China and over which the People's Republic of China exercises criminal jurisdiction within the scope of obligations, prescribed in these treaties, it agrees to perform.

第十條 凡在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域外犯罪，依照本法應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任的，雖然經(jīng)過外國審判，仍然可以依照本法追究，但是在外國已經(jīng)受過刑罰處罰的，可以免除或者減輕處罰。

Article 10 Any person who commits a crime outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China, for which according to this Law he should bear criminal responsibility, may still be investigated for his criminal responsibility according to this Law, even if he has already been tried in a foreign country. However, if he has already received criminal punishment in the foreign country, he may be exempted from punishment or given a mitigated punishment.

第十一條 享有外交特權(quán)和豁免權(quán)的外國人的刑事責(zé)任，通過外交途徑解決。

Article 11 The criminal responsibility of foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities shall be solved through diplomatic channels.

第十二條 中華人民共和國成立以后本法施行以前的行為，如果當(dāng)時的法律不認為是犯罪的，適用當(dāng)時的法律;如果當(dāng)時的法律認為是犯罪的，依照本法總則第四章第八節(jié)的規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)追訴的，按照當(dāng)時的法律追究刑事責(zé)任，但是如果本法不認為是犯罪或者處刑較輕的，適用本法。

Article 12 If an act committed after the founding of the People's Republic of China and before the entry into force of this Law was not deemed a crime under the laws at the time, those laws shall apply. If the act was deemed a crime under the laws in force at the time and is subject to prosecution under the provisions of Section 8, Chapter IV of the General Provisions of this Law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with those laws. However, if according to this Law the act is not deemed a crime or is subject to a lighter punishment, this Law shall apply.

本法施行以前，依照當(dāng)時的法律已經(jīng)作出的生效判決，繼續(xù)有效。

Before the entry into force of this Law, any judgment that has been made and has become effective according to the laws at the time shall remain valid.

第一節(jié) 犯罪和刑事責(zé)任

SECTION 1 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY

第十三條 一切危害國家主權(quán)、領(lǐng)土完整和安全，分裂國家、顛覆人民民主專政的政權(quán)和推翻社會主義制度，破壞社會秩序和經(jīng)濟秩序，侵犯國有財產(chǎn)或者勞動群眾集體所有的財產(chǎn)，侵犯公民私人所有的財產(chǎn)，侵犯公民的人身權(quán)利、民主權(quán)利和其他權(quán)利，以及其他危害社會的行為，依照法律應(yīng)當(dāng)受刑罰處罰的，都是犯罪，但是情節(jié)顯著輕微危害不大的，不認為是犯罪。

Article 13 A crime refers to an act that endangers the sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of the State, splits the State, subverts the State power of the people's democratic dictatorship and overthrows the socialist system, undermines public and economic order, violates State-owned property, property collectively owned by the working people, or property privately owned by citizens, infringes on the citizens' rights of the person, their democratic or other rights, and any other act that endangers society and is subject to punishment according to law. However, if the circumstances are obviously minor and the harm done is not serious, the act shall not be considered a crime.

第十四條 明知自己的行為會發(fā)生危害社會的結(jié)果，并且希望或者放任這種結(jié)果發(fā)生，因而構(gòu)成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。

Article 14 An intentional crime refers to an act committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will entail harmful consequences to society but who wishes or allows such consequences to occur, thus constituting a crime.

故意犯罪，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.

第十五條 應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)見自己的行為可能發(fā)生危害社會的結(jié)果，因為疏忽大意而沒有預(yù)見，或者已經(jīng)預(yù)見而輕信能夠避免，以致發(fā)生這種結(jié)果的，是過失犯罪。

Article 15 A negligent crime refers to an act committed by a person who should have foreseen that his act would possibly entail harmful consequences to society but who fails to do so through his negligence or, having foreseen the consequences, readily believes that they can be avoided, so that the consequences do occur.

過失犯罪，法律有規(guī)定的才負刑事責(zé)任。

Criminal responsibility shall be borne for negligent crimes only when the law so provides.

第十六條 行為在客觀上雖然造成了損害結(jié)果，但是不是出于故意或者過失，而是由于不能抗拒或者不能預(yù)見的原因所引起的，不是犯罪。

Article 16 An act is not a crime if it objectively results in harmful consequences due to irresistible or unforeseeable causes rather than intent or negligence.

第十七條 已滿十六周歲的人犯罪，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

Article 17 If a person who has reached the age of 16 commits a crime, he shall bear criminal responsibility.

已滿十四周歲不滿十六周歲的人，犯故意殺人、故意傷害致人重傷或者死亡、強奸、搶劫、販賣毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

If a person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 commits intentional homicide, intentionally hurts another person so as to cause serious injury or death of the person, or commits rape, robbery, drug- trafficking, arson, explosion or poisoning, he shall bear criminal responsibility.

已滿十四周歲不滿十八周歲的人犯罪，應(yīng)當(dāng)從輕或者減輕處罰。

If a person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 18 commits a crime, he shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.

因不滿十六周歲不予刑事處罰的，責(zé)令他的家長或者監(jiān)護人加以管教;在必要的時候，也可以由政府收容教養(yǎng)。

If a person is not given criminal punishment because he has not reached the age of 16, the head of his family or his guardian shall be ordered to discipline him. When necessary, he may be taken in by the government for rehabilitation.

第十八條 精神病人在不能辨認或者不能控制自己行為的時候造成危害結(jié)果，經(jīng)法定程序鑒定確認的，不負刑事責(zé)任，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)令他的家屬或者監(jiān)護人嚴加看管和醫(yī)療;在必要的時候，由政府強制醫(yī)療。

Article 18 If a mental patient causes harmful consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct, upon verification and confirmation through legal procedure, he shall not bear criminal responsibility, but his family members or guardian shall be ordered to keep him under strict watch and control and arrange for his medical treatment. When necessary, the government may compel him to receive medical treatment.

間歇性的精神病人在精神正常的時候犯罪，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

Any person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime when he is in a normal mental state.

尚未完全喪失辨認或者控制自己行為能力的精神病人犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任，但是可以從輕或者減輕處罰。

If a mental patient who has not completely lost the ability of recognizing or controlling his own conduct commits a crime, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.

醉酒的人犯罪，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

Any intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.

第十九條 又聾又啞的人或者盲人犯罪，可以從輕、減輕或者免除處罰。

Article 19 Any deaf-mute or blind person who commits a crime may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

第二十條 為了使國家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、財產(chǎn)和其他權(quán)利免受正在進行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行為，對不法侵害人造成損害的，屬于正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)，不負刑事責(zé)任。

Article 20 An act that a person commits to stop an unlawful infringement in order to prevent the interests of the State and the public, or his own or other person's rights of the person, property or other rights from being infringed upon by the on-going infringement, thus harming the perpetrator, is justifiable defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility.

正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)明顯超過必要限度造成重大損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)減輕或者免除處罰。

If a person's act of justifiable defence obviously exceeds the limits of necessity and causes serious damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

對正在進行行兇、殺人、搶劫、強奸、綁架以及其他嚴重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪，采取防衛(wèi)行為，造成不法侵害人傷亡的，不屬于防衛(wèi)過當(dāng)，不負刑事責(zé)任。

If a person acts in defence against an on-going assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap or any other crime of violence that seriously endangers his personal safety, thus causing injury or death to the perpetrator of the unlawful act, it is not undue defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility.

第二十一條 為了使國家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、財產(chǎn)和其他權(quán)利免受正在發(fā)生的危險，不得已采取的緊急避險行為，造成損害的，不負刑事責(zé)任。

Article 21 If a person is compelled to commit an act in an emergency to avert an immediate danger to the interests of the State or the public, or his own or another person's rights of the person, property or other rights, thus causing damage, he shall not bear criminal responsibility.

緊急避險超過必要限度造成不應(yīng)有的損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)減輕或者免除處罰。

If the act committed by a person in an emergency to avert danger exceeds the limits of necessity and causes undue damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

第一款中關(guān)于避免本人危險的規(guī)定，不適用于職務(wù)上、業(yè)務(wù)上負有特定責(zé)任的人。

The provisions of the first paragraph of this Article with respect to averting danger to oneself shall not apply to a person who is charged with special responsibility in his post or profession.

第二節(jié) 犯罪的預(yù)備、未遂和中止

SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND DISCONTINUATION

第二十二條 為了犯罪，準(zhǔn)備工具、制造條件的，是犯罪預(yù)備。

Article 22 Preparation for a crime refers to the preparation of the instruments or the creation of the conditions for a crime.

對于預(yù)備犯，可以比照既遂犯從輕、減輕處罰或者免除處罰。

An offender who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

第二十三條 已經(jīng)著手實行犯罪，由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的，是犯罪未遂。

Article 23 A criminal attempt refers to a case where an offender has already started to commit a crime but is prevented from completing it for reasons independent of his will.

對于未遂犯，可以比照既遂犯從輕或者減輕處罰。

An offender who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.

第二十四條 在犯罪過程中，自動放棄犯罪或者自動有效地防止犯罪結(jié)果發(fā)生的，是犯罪中止。

Article 24 Discontinuation of a crime refers to a case where, in the course of committing a crime, the offender voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring.

對于中止犯，沒有造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)免除處罰;造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)減輕處罰。

An offender who discontinues a crime shall, if no damage is caused, be exempted from punishment or, if any damage is caused, be given a mitigated punishment.

第二十五條 共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。

Article 25 A joint crime refers to an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly.

二人以上共同過失犯罪，不以共同犯罪論處;應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任的，按照他們所犯的罪分別處罰。

A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly shall not be punished as a joint crime; however, those who should bear criminal responsibility shall be individually punished according to the crimes they have committed.

第二十六條 組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)犯罪集團進行犯罪活動的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。

Article 26 A principal criminal refers to any person who organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.

三人以上為共同實施犯罪而組成的較為固定的犯罪組織，是犯罪集團。

A criminal group refers to a relatively stable criminal organization formed by three or more persons for the purpose of committing crimes jointly.

對組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)犯罪集團的首要分子，按照集團所犯的全部罪行處罰。

Any ringleader who organizes or leads a criminal group shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that the criminal group has committed.

對于第三款規(guī)定以外的主犯，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照其所參與的或者組織、指揮的全部犯罪處罰。

Any principal criminal not included in Paragraph 3 shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that he participates in or that he organizes or directs.

第二十七條 在共同犯罪中起次要或者輔助作用的，是從犯。

Article 27 An accomplice refers to any person who plays a secondary or auxiliary role in a joint crime.

對于從犯，應(yīng)當(dāng)從輕、減輕處罰或者免除處罰。

An accomplice shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

第二十八條 對于被脅迫參加犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照他的犯罪情節(jié)減輕處罰或者免除處罰。

Article 28 Anyone who is coerced to participate in a crime shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment in the light of the circumstances of the crime he commits.

第二十九條 教唆他人犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照他在共同犯罪中所起的作用處罰。教唆不滿十八周歲的人犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)從重處罰。

Article 29 Anyone who instigates another to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in a joint crime. Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.

如果被教唆的人沒有犯被教唆的罪，對于教唆犯，可以從輕或者減輕處罰。

If the instigated person has not committed the instigated crime, the instigator may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.

第四節(jié) 單位犯罪

SECTION 4 CRIMES COMMITTED BY A UNIT

第三十條 公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、機關(guān)、團體實施的危害社會的行為，法律規(guī)定為單位犯罪的，應(yīng)當(dāng)負刑事責(zé)任。

Article 30 Any company, enterprise, institution, State organ, or organization that commits an act that endangers society, which is prescribed by law as a crime committed by a unit, shall bear criminal responsibility.

第三十一條 單位犯罪的，對單位判處罰金，并對其直接負責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員判處刑罰。本法分則和其他法律另有規(guī)定的，依照規(guī)定。

Article 31 Where a unit commits a crime, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the crime shall be given criminal punishment. Where it is otherwise provided for in the Specific Provisions of this Law or in other laws, those provisions shall prevail.

第三十二條 刑罰分為主刑和附加刑。

Article 32 Punishments are divided into principal punishments and supplementary punishments.

第三十三條 主刑的種類如下：

Article 33 The principal punishments are as follows:

(一)管制;

(1) public surveillance;

(二)拘役;

(2) criminal detention;

(三)有期徒刑;

(3) fixed-term imprisonment;

(四)無期徒刑;

(4) life imprisonment; and

(五)死刑。

(5) the death penalty.

第三十四條 附加刑的種類如下：

Article 34 The supplementary punishments are as follows:

(一)罰金;

(1) fine;

(二)剝奪政治權(quán)利;

(2) deprivation of political rights; and

(三)沒收財產(chǎn)。

(3) confiscation of property.

附加刑也可以獨立適用。

Supplementary punishments may be imposed independently.

第三十五條 對于犯罪的外國人，可以獨立適用或者附加適用驅(qū)逐出境。

Article 35 Deportation may be imposed independently or supplementarily to a foreigner who commits a crime.

第三十六條 由于犯罪行為而使被害人遭受經(jīng)濟損失的，對犯罪分子除依法給予刑事處罰外，并應(yīng)根據(jù)情況判處賠償經(jīng)濟損失。

Article 36 If a victim has suffered economic losses as a result of a crime, the criminal shall, in addition to receiving a criminal punishment according to law, be sentenced to making compensation for the economic losses in the light of the circumstances.

承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任的犯罪分子，同時被判處罰金，其財產(chǎn)不足以全部支付的，或者被判處沒收財產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)先承擔(dān)對被害人的民事賠償責(zé)任。

If criminal who is liable for civil compensation is sentenced to a fine at the same time but his property is not sufficient to pay both the compensation and the fine, or if he is sentenced to confiscation of property at the same time, he shall, first of all, bear his liability for civil compensation to the victim.

第三十七條 對于犯罪情節(jié)輕微不需要判處刑罰的，可以免予刑事處罰，但是可以根據(jù)案件的不同情況，予以訓(xùn)誡或者責(zé)令具結(jié)悔過、賠禮道歉、賠償損失，或者由主管部門予以行政處罰或者行政處分。

Article 37 If the circumstances of a person's crime are minor and do not require criminal punishment, he may be exempted from it; however, he may, depending on the different circumstances of the case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a statement of repentance, offer an apology or pay compensation for the losses, or be subjected to administrative penalty or administrative sanctions by the competent department.

第三十八條 管制的期限，為三個月以上二年以下。

Article 38 The term of public surveillance shall be not less than three months but not more than two years.

被判處管制的犯罪分子，由公安機關(guān)執(zhí)行。

Where a criminal is sentenced to public surveillance, the sentence shall be executed by a public security organ.

第三十九條 被判處管制的犯罪分子，在執(zhí)行期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守下列規(guī)定：

Article 39 Any criminal who is sentenced to public surveillance shall observe the following during the term in which his sentence is being executed:

(一)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，服從監(jiān)督;

(1) observe laws and administrative rules and regulations, and submit to supervision;

(二)未經(jīng)執(zhí)行機關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，不得行使言論、出版、集會、結(jié)社、游行、示威自由的權(quán)利;

(2) exercise no right of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession or of demonstration without the approval of the organ executing the public surveillance;

(三)按照執(zhí)行機關(guān)規(guī)定報告自己的活動情況;

(3) report on his own activities as required by the organ executing the public surveillance;

(四)遵守執(zhí)行機關(guān)關(guān)于會客的規(guī)定;

(4) observe the regulations for receiving visitors stipulated by the organ executing the public surveillance; and

(五)離開所居住的市、縣或者遷居，應(yīng)當(dāng)報經(jīng)執(zhí)行機關(guān)批準(zhǔn)。

(5) report to obtain approval from the organ executing the public surveillance for any departure from the city or county he lives in or for any change in residence.

對于被判處管制的犯罪分子，在勞動中應(yīng)當(dāng)同工同酬。

Criminals sentenced to public surveillance shall, while engaged in labour, receive equal pay for equal work.

第四十條 被判處管制的犯罪分子，管制期滿，執(zhí)行機關(guān)應(yīng)即向本人和其所在單位或者居住地的群眾宣布解除管制。

Article 40 Upon the expiration of a term of public surveillance, the executing organ shall immediately announce the termination of public surveillance to the criminal sentenced to public surveillance and to his work unit or the people of the place where he resides.

第四十一條 管制的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計算;判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期二日。

Article 41 A term of public surveillance shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered two days of the term sentenced.

第四十二條 拘役的期限，為一個月以上六個月以下。

Article 42 A term of criminal detention shall be not less than one month but not more than 6 months.

第四十三條 被判處拘役的犯罪分子，由公安機關(guān)就近執(zhí)行。

Article 43 Where a criminal is sentenced to criminal detention, the sentence shall be executed by the public security organ in the vicinity.

在執(zhí)行期間，被判處拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至兩天;參加勞動的，可以酌量發(fā)給報酬。

During the period of execution, a criminal sentenced to criminal detention may go home for one to two days each month; an appropriate remuneration may be given to those who participate in labor.

第四十四條 拘役的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計算;判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 44 A term of criminal detention shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

第四節(jié) 有期徒刑、無期徒刑

SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT

第四十五條 有期徒刑的期限，除本法第五十條、第六十九條規(guī)定外，為六個月以上十五年以下。

Article 45 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be not less than six months but not more than 15 years, except as stipulated in Articles 50 and 69 of this Law.

第四十六條 被判處有期徒刑、無期徒刑的犯罪分子，在監(jiān)獄或者其他執(zhí)行場所執(zhí)行;凡有勞動能力的，都應(yīng)當(dāng)參加勞動，接受教育和改造。

Article 46 Any criminal who is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment shall serve his sentence in prison or another place for the execution. Anyone who is able to work shall do so to accept education and reform through labor.

第四十七條 有期徒刑的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計算;判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 47 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

第四十八條 死刑只適用于罪行極其嚴重的犯罪分子。對于應(yīng)當(dāng)判處死刑的犯罪分子，如果不是必須立即執(zhí)行的，可以判處死刑同時宣告緩期二年執(zhí)行。

Article 48 The death penalty shall only be applied to criminals who have committed extremely serious crimes. If the immediate execution of a criminal punishable by death is not deemed necessary, a two-year suspension of execution may be pronounced simultaneously with the imposition of the death sentence.

死刑除依法由最高人民法院判決的以外，都應(yīng)當(dāng)報請最高人民法院核準(zhǔn)。死刑緩期執(zhí)行的，可以由高級人民法院判決或者核準(zhǔn)。

All death sentences, except for those that according to law should be decided by the Supreme People's Court, shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for verification and approval. Death sentences with a suspension of execution may be decided or verified and approved by a Higher People's Court.

第四十九條 犯罪的時候不滿十八周歲的人和審判的時候懷孕的婦女，不適用死刑。

Article 49 The death penalty shall not be imposed on persons who have not reached the age of 18 at the time the crime is committed or on women who are pregnant at the time of trial.

第五十條 判處死刑緩期執(zhí)行的，在死刑緩期執(zhí)行期間，如果沒有故意犯罪，二年期滿以后，減為無期徒刑;如果確有重大立功表現(xiàn)，二年期滿以后，減為十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑;如果故意犯罪，查證屬實的，由最高人民法院核準(zhǔn)，執(zhí)行死刑。

Article 50 Anyone who is sentenced to death with a suspension of execution commits no intentional crime during the period of suspension, his punishment shall be commuted to life imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period; if he has truly performed major meritorious service, his punishment shall be commuted to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 15 years but not more than 20 years upon the expiration of the two-year period; if it is verified that he has committed an intentional crime, the death penalty shall be executed upon verification and approval of the Supreme People's Court.

第五十一條 死刑緩期執(zhí)行的期間，從判決確定之日起計算。死刑緩期執(zhí)行減為有期徒刑的刑期，從死刑緩期執(zhí)行期滿之日起計算。

Article 51 The term of suspension of execution of a death penalty shall be counted from the date the judgment becomes final. The term of a fixed-term imprisonment that is commuted from a death penalty with suspension of execution shall be counted from the date the suspension of execution expires.

第五十二條 判處罰金，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)犯罪情節(jié)決定罰金數(shù)額。

Article 52 The amount of any fine imposed shall be determined according to the circumstances of the crime.

第五十三條 罰金在判決指定的期限內(nèi)一次或者分期繳納。期滿不繳納的，強制繳納。對于不能全部繳納罰金的，人民法院在任何時候發(fā)現(xiàn)被執(zhí)行人有可以執(zhí)行的財產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)隨時追繳。如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的災(zāi)禍繳納確實有困難的，可以酌情減少或者免除。

Article 53 A fine may be paid in a lump sum or in installments within the time limit specified in the judgment. If a fine is not paid upon the expiration of that time limit, the payment shall be compelled. If a person is not able to pay the fine in full, the People's Court shall demand the payment whenever it finds the person has property for execution of the fine. If a person has true difficulties in paying because of an irresistible disaster, the fine may be reduced or remitted according to the circumstances.

第七節(jié) 剝奪政治權(quán)利

SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS

第五十四條 剝奪政治權(quán)利是剝奪下列權(quán)利：

Article 54 Deprivation of political rights refers to deprivation of the following rights:

(一)選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán);

(1) the right to vote and to stand for election;

(二)言論、出版、集會、結(jié)社、游行、示威自由的權(quán)利;

(2) the rights of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration;

(三)擔(dān)任國家機關(guān)職務(wù)的權(quán)利;

(3) the right to hold a position in a State organ; and

(四)擔(dān)任國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位和人民團體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)的權(quán)利。

(4) the right to hold a leading position in any State-owned company, enterprise, institution or people's organization.

第五十五條 剝奪政治權(quán)利的期限，除本法第五十七條規(guī)定外，為一年以上五年以下。

Article 55 A term of deprivation of political rights shall be not less than one year but not more than five years, except as stipulated in Article 57 of this Law.

判處管制附加剝奪政治權(quán)利的，剝奪政治權(quán)利的期限與管制的期限相等，同時執(zhí)行。

Anyone who is sentenced to public surveillance is deprived of political rights as a supplementary punishment, the term of deprivation of political rights shall be the same as the term of public surveillance, and the punishments shall be executed simultaneously.

第五十六條 對于危害國家安全的犯罪分子應(yīng)當(dāng)附加剝奪政治權(quán)利;對于故意殺人、強奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、搶劫等嚴重破壞社會秩序的犯罪分子，可以附加剝奪政治權(quán)利。

Article 56 Anyone who commits the crime of endangering national security shall be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment; anyone who commits the crime of seriously undermining public order by intentional homicide, rape, arson, explosion, poisoning or robbery may be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment.

獨立適用剝奪政治權(quán)利的，依照本法分則的規(guī)定。

Where deprivation of political rights is imposed exclusively, the Specific Provisions of this Law shall apply.

第五十七條 對于被判處死刑、無期徒刑的犯罪分子，應(yīng)當(dāng)剝奪政治權(quán)利終身。

Article 57 Any criminal who is sentenced to death or to life imprisonment shall be deprived of his political rights for life.